Out of the 15,000 Confederate soldiers who began Pickett’s charge, only 5,000 made it up to Cemetery Ridge. I can remember watching the reenactment of Pickett's charge from my spot behind the Union lines and thinking, "My God, how did they do that?" And later, at the North Carolina monument, located at about the point that the charge began, I looked across that field and thought, "how did they get men to walk across this field, up into what they knew they were walking into? How?"

I've come to the conclusion that they walked across that field for the same reason that any of our heroes do anything. Because they're heroes. North or South, Union or Confederate, the Civil War had more than its share.

Union Lt. Frank A. Haskell, featured in today’s “Quote of the Day,” wrote of the battle in a letter to his brother. Haskell and the 6th Wisconsin defended Cemetery Ridge that afternoon in 1863.

We dozed in the heat, and lolled upon the ground, with half-open eyes. Our horses were hitched to the trees munching some oats. A great lull rests upon all the field. Time was heavy, and for want of something to do, I yawned, and looked at my watch. It was five minutes before one o'clock. I returned my watch to my pocket, and thought possibly that I might go to sleep, and stretched myself upon the ground accordingly....

What sound was that? There was no mistaking it. The distinct sharp sound of one of the enemy's guns, square over to the front, caused us to open our eyes and turn them in that direction, when we saw directly above the crest the smoke of the bursting shell, and heard its noise. In an instant, before a word was spoken, as if that was the signal gun for general work, loud, startling, booming, the report of gun after gun in rapid succession smote our ears and their shells plunged down and exploded all around us. We sprang to our feet. In briefest time the whole Rebel line to the West was pouring out its thunder and its iron upon our devoted crest. The wildest confusion for a few moments obtained sway among us. The shells came bursting all about....

Who can describe such a conflict as is raging around us? To say that it was like a summer storm, with the crash of thunder, the glare of lightning, the shrieking of the wind, and the clatter of hailstones, would be weak. The thunder and lightning of these two hundred and fifty guns and their shells, whose smoke darkens the sky, are incessant, all pervading, in the air above our heads, on the ground at our feet, remote, near, deafening, ear-piercing, astounding; and these hailstones are massy iron, charged with exploding fire. And there is little of human interest in a storm; it is an absorbing element of this. You may see flame and smoke, and hurrying men, and human passion at a great conflagration; but they are all earthly and nothing more....The projectiles shriek long and sharp. They hiss, they scream, they growl, they sputter; all sounds of life and rage; and each has its different note, and all are discordant. Was ever such a chorus of sound before? We note the effect of the enemies' fire among the batteries and along the crest. We see the solid shot strike axle, or pole, or wheel, and the tough iron and heart of oak snap and fly like straws. The great oaks there by Woodruff's guns heave down their massy branches with a crash, as if the lightning smote them. The shells swoop down among the battery horses standing there apart.

A half a dozen horses start, they tumble, their legs stiffen, their vitals and blood smear the ground. And these shot and shells have no respect for men either. We see the poor fellows hobbling back from the crest, or unable to do so, pale and weak, lying on the ground with the mangled stump of an arm or leg, dripping their life-blood away; or with a cheek torn open or a shoulder mashed. And many, alas! hear not the roar as they stretch upon the ground with upturned faces and open eyes, though a shell should burst at their very ears. Their ears and their bodies this instant are only mud. We saw them but a moment since there among the flame, with brawny arms and muscles of iron, wielding the rammer and pushing home the cannon's plethoric load....

Half-past two o'clock, an hour and a half since the commencement, and still the cannonade did not in the least abate; but soon thereafter some signs of weariness and a little slacking of fire began to be apparent upon both sides....

None on that crest now need to be told that the enemy is advancing. Every eye could see his legions, an overwhelming resistless tide of an ocean of armed men sweeping upon us! Regiment after regiment and brigade after brigade move from the woods and rapidly take their places in the lines forming the assault....The first line at short interval is followed by a second, and that a third succeeds; and columns between support the lines. More than half a mile their front extends; more than a thousand yards the dull gray masses deploy, man touching man, rank pressing rank, and line supporting line. The red flags wave, their horsemen gallop up and down; the arms of eighteen thousand men, barrel and bayonet, gleam in the sun, a sloping forest of flashing steel. Right on they move, as with one soul, in perfect order, without impediment of ditch, or wall or stream, over ridge and slope, through orchard and meadow, and cornfield, magnificent, grim, irresistible.

All was orderly and still upon our crest; no noise and no confusion. The men had little need of commands, for the survivors of a dozen battles knew well enough what this array in front portended, and, already in their places, they would be prepared to act when the right time should come. The click of the locks as each man raised the hammer to feel with his fingers that the cap was on the nipple; the sharp jar as a musket touched a stone upon the wall when thrust in aiming over it, and the clicking of the iron axles as the guns were rolled up by hand a little further to the front, were quite all the sounds that could be heard. Cap-boxes were slid around to the front of the body; cartridge boxes opened, officers opened their pistol-holsters....
Our skirmishers open a spattering fire along the front, and, fighting, retire upon the main line the first drops, the heralds of the storm, sounding on our windows. Then the thunders of our guns, first Arnold's then Cushing's and Woodruff's and the rest, shake and reverberate again through the air, and their sounding shells smite the enemy. The General said I had better go and tell General Meade of this advance. To gallop to General Meade's headquarters, to learn there that he had changed them to another part of the field, to dispatch to him by the Signal Corps in General Gibbon's name the message, "The enemy is advancing his infantry in force upon my front," and to be again upon the crest, were but the work of a minute. All our available guns are now active, and from the fire of shells, as the range grows shorter and shorter, they change to shrapnel and from shrapnel to canister; but in spite of shells, and shrapnel and canister, without wavering or halt, the hardy lines of the enemy continue to move on. The Rebel guns make no reply to ours, and no charging shout rings out to-day, as is the Rebel wont; but the courage of these silent men amid our shots seems not to need the stimulus of other noise. The enemy's right flank sweeps near Stannard's bushy crest, and his concealed Vermonters rake it with a welldelivered fire of musketry. The gray lines do not halt or reply, but withdrawing a little from that extreme, they still move on.

And so across all that broad open ground they have come, nearer and nearer, nearly half the way, with our guns bellowing in their faces, until now a hundred yards, no more, divide our ready left from their advancing right. The eager men there are impatient to begin. Let them. First, Harrow's breastworks flame; then Hall's; then Webb's. As if our bullets were the fire coals that touched off their muskets, the enemy in front halts, and his countless level barrels blaze back upon us....

The jostling, swaying lines on either side boil, and roar, and dash their flamy spray, two hostile billows of a fiery ocean. Thick flashes stream from the wall, thick volleys answer from the crest. No threats or expostulation now, only example and encouragement. All depths of passion are stirred, and all combatives fire, down to their deep foundations. Individuality is drowned in a sea of clamor, and timid men, breathing the breath of the multitude, are brave. The frequent dead and wounded lie where they stagger and fall there is no humanity for them now, and none can be spared to care for them. The men do not cheer or shout; they growl, and over that uneasy sea, heard with the roar of musketry, sweeps the muttered thunder of a storm of growls. Webb, Hall, Devereux, Mallon, Abbott among the men where all are heroes, are doing deeds of note. Now the loyal wave rolls up as if it would overleap its barrier, the crest. Pistols flash with the muskets. My "Forward to the wall" is answered by the Rebel counter-command, "Steady, men!" and the wave swings back. Again it surges, and again it sinks...

Find more about Pickett’s Charge here: Three Days at Gettysburg

-- Union Lt. Frank A. Haskell, describing his experience on the third day at Gettysburg, 1863

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Today in History
1754 - George Washington surrenders to the French at Fort Necessity, an event that would help trigger the French and Indian War (the European phase of which is the Seven Years' War).

1775 - Washington takes command of the Continental Army at Cambridge, MA.
1778 - British Tory and Native American forces massacre 360 men, women and children in Wyoming, Pa, after the Battle of Wyoming.
1814 - Americans capture Fort Erie, Canada.
1816 - The French frigate "Medusa" runs aground the French frigate Medusa runs aground on the Arguin Bank, off the west coast of Africa. 150 men and women make it onto a makeshift raft; only 15 survive the elements, mutiny, starvation, and cannibalism to be rescued two weeks later. The event causes such a political scandal that it almost destroys the French government.

1819 - The first U.S. savings bank opens (Bank of Savings, NYC).

1863 - The Battle of Gettysburg ends as a Union victory after Pickett's Charge devastates Lee's army.
1890 - Idaho is admitted as the 43rd U.S. state.
1898 - The U.S. Navy defeats the Spanish fleet in Santiago de Cuba.
1915 - U.S. military forces occupy Haiti, remaining until 1934.
1920 - The Royal Air Force holds an air display at Hendon, England.
1930 - The Veterans Administration is created.
1940 - The British Royal Navy sinks the Vichy French fleet off North Africa.
1950 - For the first time U.S. and North Korean forces clash in the Korean War.
1962 - The Algerian Revolution against the French ends (Algeria gains its independence on July 5th).
1974 - Soyuz 14 carries two cosmonauts to the Salyut 3 space station.
1976 - Israel launches the rescue of 103 Air France crew and passengers being
held at Entebbe Airport in Uganda by pro-Palestinian hijackers. One hostage not rescued because she had been taken to a hospital was murdered on the orders of Idi Amin.
1986 - President Reagan presides over the relighting of the renovated Statue of Liberty.
1988 - The U.S. Navy shoots down an Iranian civilian jetliner over the Persian Gulf after it fails to responds to requests to identify itself; 290 are killed. The circumstances surrounding the shoot-down are still highly debated.

Birthdays
1423 - Louis XI king of France (1461-83)
1567 - Samuel de Champlain explorer (Lake Champlain)
1731 - Samuel Huntington (Gov-Ct), Continental Congress pres
1909 - Earl L Butz US Secretary of Agriculture (1971-76); a real Butz
1943 - Geraldo Rivera aka Gerry Rivers, nosey newsman (Geraldo)
1943 - Norman E Thagard Marianna Fl, MD/astronaut (STS 7, 51-B, 30, 42)

Passings
1969 - Brian Jones (Rolling Stones), drowned
1971 - Jim Morrison (Doors), heart failure
1989 - Andrei Gromyko, Soviet diplomat

Reported Missing in Action
1966
Gage, Robert H., USMC (OH); disappeared in Da Nang after completing his tour, while awaiting passage home
Phillips, David J., Jr., USAF (FL); F5C shot down; presumed KIA, body not recovered
Reno, Ralph J., US Army SF (NC); passenger on a CH34 that crashed; presumed Killed, body not recovered

1967
Seymour, Leo E., US Army SF , previously served four years USMC (PA); unaccounted for after firefight

1972
Cuthbert, Stephen H., USAF (CA); F4E shot down, remains returned September 1989, ID'd December, 1990
Marshall, Marion A., USAF NAV(MD); F4E shot down, released by DRV March, 1973, USAF Lt. Colonel as of 1998 - alive as of 1998