1130 - Gregorio de' Papareschi elected as Pope Innocent II
1349 - Jews are expelled from Burgsordf, Switzerland
1510 - Charles of Gelre conquerors Oldenzaal
1545 - Willem of Nassau becomes prince of Orange
1566 - St. Augustine, FL founded
1633 - Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei arrived in Rome for trial before Inquisition for professing belief that earth revolves around the Sun
1668 - Treaty of Lisbon Spain recognizes Portugal
1678 - Tycho Brahe 1st sketches "Tychonic system" of solar system
1689 - British Parliament adopts Bill of Rights
1692 - MacDonald clan murdered on orders of King William III
1693 - College of William & Mary opens
1706 - Battle at Fraustadt Swedish army beats Russia/Saksen
1755 - Rebel leader Mangkubuni signs Treaty of Gianti, Java
1777 - Marquis de Sade arrested without charge, imprisoned in Vincennes fortress
1782 - French fleet occupies St Christopher
1795 - 1st state university in US opens, University of North Carolina
1799 - 1st US law regulating insurance passed, by Massachusetts
1809 - French take Saragossa, Spain after a long siege
1816 - Teatro San Carlo in Naples destroyed by fire
1826 - American Temperance Society forms in Boston
1832 - 1st appearance of cholera at London
1837 - Riot in New York over high price of flour
1860 - King Basse Kajuara departs Boni South-Celebes
1861 - 1st military action to result in Congressional Medal of Honor, Arizona; Abraham Lincoln declared President; Colonel Bernard Irwin attacks & defeats hostile Chiricahua Indians
1862 - Siege of Ft Donelson, TN
1864 - Meridian Campaign - fighting at Chunky Creek & Wyatt, MS
1866 - Jesse James holds up his 1st bank, Liberty MO ($15,000)
1895 - Moving picture projector patented
1907 - English suffragettes storm British Parliament & 60 women are arrested
1920 - National Negro Baseball League organized; League of Nations recognizes perpetual neutrality of Switzerland; Switzerland rejoins League of Nations
1924 - King Tut's tomb opened
1925 - US Congress makes Surpreme Court appeal more difficult
1927 - Uprising against Portuguese regime of General Carmona defeated
1929 - Cruiser Act OKs construction of 19 new cruisers & an aircraft carrier
1934 - Austrian Dollfuss government bans socialistic party
1935 - Bruno Hauptmann found guilty of kidnap & murder of Lindbergh's infant
1941 - Nazi leaders attack Dutch Jewish Council
1942 - Hitler's Operation Seelöwe (invasion of England) cancelled
1943 - German assault on Sidi Bou Zid Tunisia, General Eisenhower visits front; Women's Marine Corps created
1945 - Allied planes bomb Dresden Germany; 135,000 die; USSR captures Budapest, after 49-day battle with Germany; 159,000 die
1948 - Wright Flyer, 1st plane to fly, returns to US from England
1948 - Men's Figure Skating Championship in Davos won by Richard Button USA
1955 - Israel acquires 4 of 7 Dead Sea scrolls
1959 - Miro Cardon, premier of Cuba, resigns
1961 - Soviet Union fires a rocket from Sputnik V to Venus
1965 - US female Figure Skating championship won by Peggy Fleming
1968 - US sends 10,500 additional soldiers to Vietnam
1969 - Suriname government of Pengel resigns
1971 - Golfing Vice President Spiro Agnew hits 2 tee shots into the crowd, injuring 2; 12,000 South Vietnamese troops cross into Laos
1974 - Dissident Nobel writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn expelled from USSR
1975 - Cyprus premier Denktash proclaims Turkish-Cypriot Federation
1976 - Dorothy Hamill wins Olympics figure-skating gold, Innsbruck, Austria
1977 - Eric Heiden is 1st American to win world speed skating championship
1981 - Longest sentence published by New York Times-1286 words
1984 - Konstantin Chernenko succeeds Yuri Andropov as USSR leader; 6 year old Texan Stormie Jones gets 1st heart & liver transplant
1985 - Polish police arrest 7 Solidarity leaders
1988 - 15th Winter Olympics games open at Calgary, Canada; European Community plans removal of inner boundaries on Jan 1, 1992
1989 - Salvadoran army attacks Encuentros hospital, rapes, kills patients; Kidnapped Belgian Premier Vanden Boeynants freed
1990 - US, England, France & England give Germany the OK to re-unify; 50 killed at Inkatha-UDF battle in Natal, South Africa
1991 - Syria tells Germany they are ready to recognize Israel; US bombs Iraqi air raid shelter, killing 334
1994 - Ship disaster near Ranong Thailand, kills 200
1997 - Discovery captures Hubble Space Telescope

Birthdays
1480 - Hieronymus Aleander [Girólamo Aleandro], Italian diplomat/cardinal
1599 - Alexander VII [Fabio Chigi], Italian pope (1655-67)
1757 - John C. Hespe, Dutch journalist/politician
1768 - Édouard Mortier, French general, duke, prime minister (1834-35)
1813 - Charles Pierre Schimpf, Governor of Suriname (1855-59)
1831 - John Aaron Rawlins, Union Brevet Major General
1833 - William Whedbee Kirkland, Confederate Brigadier General
1849 - Lord Randolph Churchill, English politician, Winston's father
1852 - Johan L.E. Dreyer, Danish astronomer (New generation catalogue of nebulae)
1874 - Hendrik Spiekman, Dutch politician (S
1887 - Alvin York (Sgt. York), famed US Soldier with 25 kills in WWI
1892 - Robert Houghwout Jackson, 84th Supreme Court justice (1941-54)
1893 - Ana Pauker-Rabensohn, Romanian communist/foreign minister (1945-52)
1902 - Blair Moody, (Senator-MI)
1908 - Pauline Frederick, journalist/correspondent (UN, NBC TV)
1910 - William B. Shockley, US physicist (Nobel 1956 - for research on semiconductors and discovery of the transistor effect along with John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain)
1913 - Guiseppe Dossetti, politician/priest
1922 - Lord Pym of Sandy, British minister of foreign affairs
1923 - Chuck Yeager, US test pilot (1st man to break sound barrier)
1924 - Jean-Jacques Servan-Schreiber, French economist/politician
1929 - Omar Torrijos Herrera, President of Panamá
1933 - Paul Biya, President of Cameroon
1937 - Sigmund Jähn, cosmonaut (Soyuz 31/29)
1939 - Valery Illych Rozhdestvensky, cosmonaut (Soyuz 23)
1942 - Donald E. Williams, Captain USN/astronaut (STS 51D, STS 34)
1952 - David Puilum Choi, murderer (FBI Most Wanted List)

Passings
1130 - Honorius II [Lamberto], Pope (1124-30)
1237 - Jordanus of Saxon 2nd general of Dominicans, drowns
1332 - Andronicus II Paleologus, Byzantine emperor (1282-1328)/monk
1542 - Catherine Howard, queen of England/5th wife of Henry VIII, beheaded
1660 - Charles X Gustaaf, King of Sweden (1654-60), dies at 37
1784 - Charles Gravier, French earl of Vergennes/Minister of Foreign Affairs
1818 - George Rogers Clark, frontier military leader in Revolutionary War
1882 - Henry Highland Garnet, diplomat, dies in Monrovia, Liberia at 66
1891 - David Dixon Porter, US Rear Admiral (Union Army-Civil War), dies at 77
1941 - Naomi Uemura, Japanese mountain climber, dies on Mt. McKinley
1960 - Delmar G. Roos, designer of the jeep, dies at 79
1976 - General Murtala Mohammed head of Nigeria, killed during a coup
1982 - Zeng Jinlian, grew to 8'1" (tallest woman), dies at 17
1995 - Joan A.C. Ramsey nee Hamilton, lady Ramsey of Canterbury, dies at 84

Reported Missing in Action
1967
Carlson, Paul V., USN (MN); F4B crashed in water, Killed, body not recovered

1969
Herlik, Querin, US Army (WI); RU1A shot down, released by Sihanouk March, 1969 - retired as a Colonel - alive and well as of 1998